Food Reward: a Dominant Factor in Obesity, Part I

A Curious Finding

It all started with one little sentence buried in a paper about obese rats. I was reading about how rats become obese when they're given chocolate Ensure, the "meal replacement drink", when I came across this:

...neither [obesity-prone] nor [obesity-resistant] rats will overeat on either vanilla- or strawberry-flavored Ensure.

The only meaningful difference between chocolate, vanilla and strawberry Ensure is the flavor, yet rats eating the chocolate variety overate, rapidly gained fat and became metabolically ill, while rats eating the other flavors didn't (1). Furthermore, the study suggested that the food's flavor determined, in part, what amount of fatness the rats' bodies "defended."

As I explained in previous posts, the human (and rodent) brain regulates the amount of fat the body carries, in a manner similar to how the brain regulates blood pressure, body temperature, blood oxygenation and blood pH (2). That fact, in addition to several other lines of evidence, suggests that obesity probably results from a change in this regulatory system. I refer to the amount of body fat that the brain defends as the "body fat setpoint", however it's clear that the setpoint is dependent on diet and lifestyle factors. The implication of this paper that I could not escape is that a food's flavor influences body fatness and probably the body fat setpoint.

An Introduction to Food Reward

The brain contains a sophisticated system that assigns a value judgment to everything we experience, integrating a vast amount of information into a one-dimensional rating system that labels things from awesome to terrible. This is the system that decides whether we should seek out a particular experience, or avoid it. For example, if you burn yourself each time you touch the burner on your stove, your brain will label that action as bad and it will discourage you from touching it again. On the other hand, if you feel good every time you're cold and put on a sweater, your brain will encourage that behavior. In the psychology literature, this phenomenon is called "reward," and it's critical to survival.

The brain assigns reward to, and seeks out, experiences that it perceives as positive, and discourages behaviors that it views as threatening. Drugs of abuse plug directly into reward pathways, bypassing the external routes that would typically trigger reward. Although this system has been studied most in the context of drug addiction, it evolved to deal with natural environmental stimuli, not drugs.

As food is one of the most important elements of survival, the brain's reward system is highly attuned to food's rewarding properties. The brain uses input from smell, taste, touch, social cues, and numerous signals from the digestive tract* to assign a reward value to foods. Experiments in rats and humans have outlined some of the qualities of food that are inherently rewarding:

• Fat
• Starch
• Sugar
• Salt
• Meatiness (glutamate)
• The absence of bitterness
  
• Certain textures (e.g., soft or liquid calories, crunchy foods)
• Certain aromas (e.g., esters found in many fruits)
• Calorie density ("heavy" food)
  

We are generally born liking the qualities listed above, and aromas and flavors that are associated with these qualities become rewarding over time. For example, beer tastes terrible the first time you drink it because it's bitter, but after you drink it a few times and your brain catches wind that there are calories and a drug in there, it often begins tasting good. The same applies to many vegetables. Children are generally not fond of vegetables, but if you serve them spinach smothered in butter enough times, they'll learn to like it by the time they're adults.

The human brain evolved to deal with a certain range of rewarding experiences. It didn't evolve to constructively manage strong drugs of abuse such as heroin and crack cocaine, which overstimulate reward pathways, leading to the pathological drug seeking behaviors that characterize addiction. These drugs are "superstimuli" that exceed our reward system's normal operating parameters. Over the next few posts, I'll try to convince you that in a similar manner, industrially processed food, which has been professionally crafted to maximize its rewarding properties, is a superstimulus that exceeds the brain's normal operating parameters, leading to an increase in body fatness and other negative consequences.


* Nerves measure stomach distension. A number of of gut-derived paracrine and endocrine signals, including CCK, PYY, ghrelin, GLP-1 and many others potentially participate in food reward sensing, some by acting directly on the brain via the circulation, and others by signaling indirectly via the vagus nerve. More on this later.

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The Coagulated Blood Is An Expression of Health of The Whole Body

The following picture is a micrograph of hypercoagulated blood I refer to as a blood print.

The layer or drop of blood has been sliced off of a drop of capillary blood from the index finger.

Each layer of blood or blood print is an expression of the whole body and specific to that individuals health and well-being.

You will notice a round white hole in the center of the blood print. This round white hole is polymerized protein from the breakdown tissues of the reproductive organs as in a male prostate or a female uterus.

You will also notice several smaller round and irregular shaped white polymerized protein pools surrounding the large white protein pool. This pattern is indicative of a congestive bowel, bowel irritation and inflammation and a pre-cancerous or cancer colon.

Over the years I have consistently documented these specific patterns that indicate a pre-cancerous or cancerous condition of the reproductive organs and/or bowels as confirmed by traditional blood tests and radiology.

I call this blood type of blood observation, The Mycotoxic Oxidative Lifestyle and Dietary Blood Screening. It is 100 percent accurate and will withstand any objective scientific investigation, inquiry and/or review.

It also represents a scientific breakthrough in non-invasive preventative health care observation, test or screening of the blood and health and well-being of the whole body and its twelve individual body systems.

I made my first observations of blood patterns in the coagulated blood print over 30 years ago and have documented these patterns in over 500,000 blood samples, in over 40,000 clients, in 27 different countries. This would make me the number one self-proclaimed world expert in blood clotting pattern research.

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Electron Micrograph of the Mouth

The following electron micrograph was taken at 250,000 x's magnification showing how filthy the mouth is with sclerotic plaque or chelated acids, bacteria, yeast, mold, and algae.

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Electron Micrograph of Cancerous Lung Tissue

The following electron micrograph at 250,000 x's magnification is revealing the acidic cancerous tissue of the lung giving birth to yeast, mold, and algae. God forbid you EVER ingest yeast in any form, mushrooms of any kind, mold or ANY s-called healthy algae. This electron micrograph is evidence of an acidic condtion and the morbid... biological transformation of lung tissue matter into yeast, mushrooms, algae, and mold. The lies and deceptions abound around the health benefits of yeast, mushrooms, mold tintures, and algae. There are NO health benefits in the ingestion of any form of yeast, any type of mushroom or mold or any kind of algae. I have yet to see the health benefits of ingesting mushrooms, green teas, or algae. if you are taking supplements with any bacteria, yeast, mold, mushroom, enzymes, and algae's you do so at the risk of your health and fitness. All of these biological forms are the transformations of decaying and dead bodies

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Dr Young's Electron Rich Green Drink!

Doc Broc's Power Plants™ With organic Doc Broc Power Plants, Dr. Young has developed a superior greens drink product that delivers vital nutrients to combat aging, unbalanced weight, and provides long-lasting energy, improving on his original Super Greens. (Available inmultiple sizes.) Our Organic Greens Drink Powdered Mix Doc Broc Power Plants is a fourth generation organic greens drink powder mix—green supplement—formulated by Dr. Young to support a healthy Alkalarian lifestyle and provide your body with the healthy organic nutrients it needs to combat aging, lose weight, and providelong-lasting energy. Essentially, it is the optimal way to get your greens—the raw organic materials your body needs to power your cells and therefore your entire body—in a convenient and great tasting green drink mix. Our green drink mix is created by low-heat dehydration, thus preserving, not killing, the nutrients of the living food. We are then able to make a powerfully concentrated mix of organic vegetables, fruits, and grasses to give you the best product available. Years ago, when Dr. Young formulated the SuperGreens product now sold by Innerlight, Inc. there were few competitors. Now, there are more copy-cat products than we care to count. But with so much competition in the marketplace for green powdered formulations, why not put your trust in the man with the proven science to back up the benefits of the product, and the experience to not only produce quality, but improve on quality formulations he has already made? If you need more energy, if you’re striving for better health, Doc Broc Power Plants is potent way to help your body get exactly what it needs. And not only is it healthbenefits superior to other greens drink products, but it is the best tasting. It’s mild, not bitter, and subtle in flavor. Besides the inherent nutritional value, vitamins and minerals, that are in the organic super foods that are used to create the product, one of the main keys to its quality is that’s it is green. It’s chlorophyll rich. This is important because chlorophyll builds the blood, and it’s the blood that sustains and builds your body. The chlorophyll molecule and the Heme molecule, the center of your blood’s hemoglobin, are essentially identical in structure. The difference is that the center of the Heme molecule is Iron, and the center of the Chlorophyll molecule is Magnesium. This near identical structure is what makes green foods a great blood builder. Let's take a closer look: Chlorophyll is often referred to as the blood of the green plant. No wonder nothing compares to chlorophyll when it comes to building your blood. In fact, if you look at the molecular structure of your hemoglobin you'll find that the core structure is identical to chlorophyll, except for the center atom—Magnesium in chlorophyll and Iron in heme. Dr. Young's research indicates as you increases your consumption of chlorophyll from green foods and green drinks the quality and quantity of the red blood cells improve. This can be noted on a CBC medical test as the red blood cell count increases and the hemoglobin increases in the healthy ranges. This makes chlorophyll-rich green drinks one of the most efficient ways to get your greens and build your blood. And healthy blood means a healthy body. Green Drinks Are Rich in Vitamins We’ll revisit this idea of green drinks building blood, but let’s now consider a few of the multitude of traditionally evaluated vitamins and minerals that are richly found in greens? Here’s what the vegetarian-nutrition.info website says: "Leafy vegetables are ideal for weight management as they are typically low in calories. They are useful inreducing the risk of cancer and heart disease since they are low in fat, high in dietary fiber, and rich in folic acid, vitamin C, potassium and magnesium, as well as containing a host of phytochemicals, such as lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene. One study showed that an increment of one daily serving of green leafy vegetables, lowered the risk of cardiovascular disease by 11 percent. In the Adventist health study, the frequent consumption of green salads by African-Americans was associated with a substantially lower risk of mortality. "Because of their high magnesium content and low glycemic index, green leafy vegetablesare also valuable for persons with type 2 diabetes. An increase of 1serving per day of green leafy vegetables was associated with a 9 percent lower risk of diabetes. The high level of vitamin K in greens makes them important for the production of osteocalcin, a protein essential for bone health. The risk of hip fracture in middle-aged women was decreased 45% for one or more servings/day of green, leafy vegetables compared to fewer servings.Green vegetables are also a major source of iron and calcium for any diet. . ." Obviously there is a litany of beneficial elements in these super green foods that get too often ignored. But also, remember that another important consideration, in fact quite possibly the most important consideration is that organic green foods that make up our great tasting green drink supplement are electron rich, making them alkaline and very alkalizing for the body. Alkaline Greens Drinks for Weight Loss and Fighting Disease Green electron rich foods are a most effective natural cure for heart dis-ease, MS, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, low energy, gaseous stomach, constipation, IBS, Crohn's and most important cancer. In order to understand how green foods and green drinks really work, any preconceived ideas about nutrition must be put aside. While green foods contain a number of vitamins, minerals, proteins, electrons, chlorophyll and more, they are actually catalysts that support chemical chain reactions within the body. Most cancers start when incomplete chemical reactions occur during digestion or food transformation, respiration and elimination, which create acidic toxic waste in the body that ultimately interferes with cellular transformation. Each cell by the body processes is liable for replicating itself. During cellular transformation from liquid food, chromosomes split into chromatides and reassemble into genes. If they can’t match up properly, cellular defects cause aging, bone loss, heart disease and cancer. Green electron rich foods help “maintain the alkaline design of the body” and create an environment where a cancerous condition is unlikely to occur. Low pH or acidity in the colloidal connective tissue is often the root cause of many if not ALL diseases. It begins when the root system or small intestine is congested or damaged and is not making healthy red blood cells to transform into healthy body cells. In addition the fluids of the body are deprived of alkaline ash food that creates a low alkaline buffer reserve in the interstitial tissue fluids to help maintain the alkaline design of the body. As the alkaline interstitial tissue fluid reserve is “used up” by maintaining the delicate alkaline pH of the blood at 7.365, acidity begins to increase in other organs causing latent tissue acidosis and stressing normal metabolic performance. To buffer the formation of lactic, uric and other damaging acids from food and metabolism, the body will leach calcium from the bones or magnesium from the muscles, or iron from the red blood cells to sodium ions from the plasma to “buffer” and neutralize these acids. Unfortunately this causes bone loss, muscle loss, arthritis and osteoporosis. Another defensive measure is to store the ammonia acids in the kidneys so as to conserve the alkaline buffer reserve. This ultimately leads to kidney stones, endocrine imbalance and contributes to the cellular stress that leads to cancerous body cells.Of course the ultimate way to create a strong alkaline reserve is to consume alkaline mineral salts and alkaline ash foods and drinks like our powdered greens drink mix, which will in turn balance the pH of the body allowing other important aspects of anti-oxidative defense to be unleashed. However, as important as pH is, it is simply one aspect of green food nutrition, and any cancerous condition is only one of many ailments that green electron rich foods may be helpful in preventing. “Scientists have discovered that green juices increase the oxygenation of the body, purify the blood and organs, assisted in the metabolism of nutrients and counteract acids and toxins. Green juices are the superstars of the nutrition world.” This paradigm changing revelation has lead many researchers to turn their attention to phyto chemistry, which is the research into plant-based compounds that act as cellular anti-oxidants. Recently a unanimous chorus has gone up from doctors, dietitians and nutritionists to significantly increase the amount of green-pigmented electron rich foods and drinks people get in their diet.The reason being: a huge body of scientific evidence currently indicates that green electron rich foods will be the biggest part of a blood building, blood and tissue detox, disease prevention and life extending pH Miracle diet. Green Drinks for Cancer Prevention According to Harvard researchers, probably the most important steps anyone can take to avoid cancer is to consume more deep green-pigmented foods. With cancer rates climbing, researchers noted that such a dietary change must be the first line of defense. At the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, GA, Dr. Tim Byers has seen how adding green foods to every diet can increase cancer prevention dramatically. Studies at the CDC show that people who eat a high fiber, low fat diet can decrease their risk for colon/rectal cancer by less than 10%. Additionally, adding five servings of greens to the same low fat, high fiber diet the risk fell by nearly 40%. Other studies show a lack of green vegetables increases breast cancer risk nearly 25%, with skin cancer results being very similar. So not only will green drinks and foods lower your cholesterol and facilitate weight loss, but they help prevent all types of cancer and disease. And again, as we evaluate why this is, we return to the chlorophyll so richly found in our greens drink. Remember the molecular structure of chlorophyll that we touched discussed above. Chlorophyll’s amazing similarity to hemoglobin is the first clue to it’s potential. Form follows purpose. As chlorophyll performs photosynthesis, it is exposed to hours of ultraviolet and radioactive light. As a byproduct of this, damage is done to the plant¹s nucleic acids causing oxidative stress. In reaction, green plants develop an array of unique bioflavanoids that act as blocking agents or others that act as repairing and suppressing agents. Recent research has shown that those green plant activities can be transferred to the humans who consume them. In fact, scientists have documented green plants effect on cellular rejuvenation and the DNA repair in human cells (Hughes and Letner. “Chlorophyll and Hemoglobin Regeneration,” American Journal of Medical Science, 188, 206 (1936)). One study conducted at UC San Diego showed a component of green leaves from young barley plants promoted the repair of DNA significantly in comparison to the control group. This study on how greens can detoxify and repair cells was conducted by a team led by Dr. Hotta and Dr. Kubuta. Conclusion Today 83% of Americans who die suffer from a version of a chronic disease, and with life expectancy at an all time high—which can mean years of suffering—it’s high time for change. In Roman times the average life span was a mere 22 years old, while today people are reaching ages well into the 100s (Jean Colment of France at 122 years old). With 1.2 million Americans diagnosed with cancer in 2009 alone, an aging baby boomer population is running out of time. Today with the scientific validation of green foods as a disease-fighter, the gray generation is now becoming the green generation. So we all need to eating and drinking our greens. And considering the power of greens, don’t you want to get was much as you can? That’s what Dr. Young was thinking when he created this green energy drink. None of us can easily sit down to a meal and eat 14 pounds of green vegetables, fruits, and grasses. But with one scoop of our alkaline green drink powder, you’ll get the same benefit as consuming those 14 pounds of greens. So do your body a favor and drink to your health—drink green. Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1 tsp/scoop Servings Per Container: 150 (1 pound) Amount Per Serving % Daily Value* Total Carbohydrates Proprietary Blend of Fruit, Vegetable, and Grass Powder 1 mg 3 mg <1% + *Percent Daily Value are based on a 2,000 calorie diet +Daily Value not established Suggested Use: Adults -- 1-3 scopps (tsp) per liter of water, 4-6 times a day. Children -- 1 scopp (tsp) per liter of water, 1-2 times a day. Our Greens Drink Ingredients: Avocado, Cucumber, Tomato, Lemon, Lime, Broccoli Sprouts, Spinach, Celery, Parsley, Cabbage, Collard Greens, Okra, Kale, Soy Sprouts, Lemon Grass, Wheat Grass, Barley Grass, Shave Grass, Oat Grass, and Couch Grass. Green drink is a concentrate of grasses and greens. You may have seen green drink supplements before at your local health food store. You may have heard about them by Tony Robbins in "Get the Edge" and "Living Health." Single-ingredient powders (just wheat grass or alfalfa, for example) may be easier to find, but you should look for a mixture of grasses and vegetables, which are easily assimilated and rapidly alkalizing, and combinations that are naturally rich in fiber, which bind with and remove toxins from the body. Green drink is nutrient rich and helps to pull your blood and tissues from acidic to alkaline, reaching a natural, ideal, pH balance. The grasses and vegetables contained in a greens drink should contain many grasses and vegetables like kamut grass, barley grass, lemon grass, shavegrass, wheat grass, alfalfa leaf, oat grass, soy sprouts, kale, spinach, okra, cabbage, celery, parsley leaf, broccoli, watercress, alfalfa, tomato, peppermint leaf, spearmint leaf, wintergreen leaf, and other similar greens. Dr. Young's Ultimate Anti-Aging, Anti-Oxidant, Weight Loss, Weight Gain, Energy Drink

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ARE YOU A SLAVE TO YOUR TASTE BUDS?

I thought it would be helpful for me to clarify my comments THAT THE BODY RUNS ON electrons NOT SUGAR OR CALORIES.

The point I am making is that we ingest food or liquids for their electrical potential not their caloric value. I have suggested that the body is electric and runs on electrons. The body obtains this electrical life force in the form of electrons from food, water, and especially the sun. Light from the sun is adsorbed and then absorbed into the body and transformed into electricity for energy. Food releases its electricity upon the breaking of its cellular membranes with our teeth. This theory is referred to in part as the electron transport chain in the Krebs or Citric acid cycle. Sugar in any form steals electrons or electricity from the body and causes enervation. Sugar in any of its many forms does not contribute to the electron transport chain nor can it provide in any WAY the transport of electricity. This transport of electricity is carried out by the sodium ion matrix and why the body fluids are salted with sodium ions and NOT sugar. Once again, sugar, including stevia, agave, glycerine, glucose, fructose, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, etc. steal electrical potential and thus energy from the body causing the first stage of acidosis, called enervation. Sugar is a biological waste product of energy consumed and transformed. It is NOT a source of energy for the body. Those who ingest it, even in moderation will be destroyed by it and have become a slave to its addictive flavor.

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Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Hi-Res Photos http://cryptome.org/eyeball/daiichi-npp/daiichi-photos.htm

Photos shown are half-size of the originals. The 11 originals full-size: http://cryptome.org/eyeball/daiichi-npp/daiichi-photos.zip (5MB) Dates of photos taken from the EXIF data of the originals, supported by captions and credits later obtained from the Web.

24 March 2011 (Added 2 April 2011) Compare to view on 20 March 2011. In this March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. From top to bottom, Unit 1 through Unit 4.(Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

24 March 2011 In this March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, damaged Unit 3, left, and Unit 4 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant are seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

24 March 2011 In this March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, Unit 4, left, and Unit 3 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant are seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

24 March 2011 In this March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, damaged Unit 3 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

24 March 2011 This March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE shows damaged Unit 3 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

24 March 2011 This March 24, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE shows damaged Unit 4 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

20 March 2011 In this March 20, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. From top to bottom: Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3 and Unit 4. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

20 March 2011 In this March 20, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, damaged Unit 4, left, and Unit 3 of the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant are seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

20 March 2011 In this March 20, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant are seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. From left: Unit 1, partially seen; Unit 2, Unit 3 and Unit 4. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

20 March 2011 In this March 20, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. From right to left: Unit 1, Unit 2 and Unit 3. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

20 March 2011 In this March 20, 2011 aerial photo taken by a small unmanned drone and released by AIR PHOTO SERVICE, the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okumamachi, Fukushima prefecture, northern Japan. From right to left: Unit 1, Unit2, Unit 3 and Unit 4. (Air Photo Service Co. Ltd., Japan)

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Blood pressure solution kit

Learn Exactly How To STOP High Blood Pressure And Eliminate Your Risk Of A Heart Attack Or Stroke, In Just A Few Short Days, Using A Step By Step Natural Home Remedy - With No Worry, No Wasted Money, No Pain, and No Harmful Drugs..."

Dear High Blood Pressure Sufferer,In just a moment, I'll tell you exactly how you can force your blood pressure to plummet through the floor using the same simple, natural remedies I used to drop my own blood pressure by more than 60 points practically overnight.

	No matter how long you've suffered from high blood pressure and hypertension...
	No matter how high your weight, how bad your diet or how poor your overall health...
	No matter how many times you've been burned by fad diets, wonder drugs or "magic pills"... http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7172018351331598004

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